This study explores the entrepreneurial knowledge and lived experiences of Iraqi women entrepreneurs operating both domestically and in European contexts, examining the extent to which varying socioeconomic environments shape these experiences. A mixed-methods research design was adopted, combining quantitative findings from 160 valid survey responses (Cronbach’s α = 0.912) with qualitative data. The results indicate significant contrasts: women based in Iraq often exhibit risk-taking behaviours driven by necessity in response to challenging conditions, whereas those situated in Europe are supported by more enabling environments that encourage environmental consciousness and are characterised by a stronger tradition of entrepreneurial success. The study identifies a nuanced relationship between education and entrepreneurship, suggesting that formal education may have steered women towards stable employment rather than entrepreneurial paths. Additionally, cultural and social norms emerge as critical factors influencing women’s participation in entrepreneurial activities. The paper concludes by recommending that policy-makers develop tailored interventions to mitigate the socioeconomic and cultural constraints impeding women's entrepreneurial progress, thereby supporting inclusive and sustainable economic growth.